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Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with a heterogeneous presentation and clinical course. There is a lack of simple and validated severity assessments that are feasible for clinical practice and epidemiological research.
Objectives
We sought to validate patient‐reported global AD severity in adults.
Methods
We performed a prospective dermatology practice‐based study using questionnaires...
Background
Proteinase‐Activated Receptor‐2 (PAR2) is a G protein‐coupled receptor activated by serine proteinases. We have shown that PAR2 activation in the airways is involved in the development of allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in acute murine models. We hypothesized that functional inhibition of PAR2 prevents allergic inflammation, AHR and airway remodeling in chronic...
Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammation that affects children and adults worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains ill‐understood.
Methods
We show that a single application of OVA to mouse skin initiates remodeling and cellular infiltration of the hypodermis measured by a newly developed computer‐aided method.
Results
Importantly, we demonstrate that skin mast cell (MC)...
Background
Our genomewide association study documented an association between cold medicine‐related Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (CM‐SJS/TEN) and Ikaros Family Zinc Finger 1 (IKZF1). Few studies examined biological and pathological functions of IKZF1 in mucosal immunity. We hypothesized that IKZF1 contributes to the mucocutaneous inflammation.
Methods
Human skin and conjunctival...
Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is associated with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. ET‐1 is enhanced in the skin of patients AD and psoriasis. In addition, plasma levels of ET‐1 are elevated in AD and psoriasis. Although both AD and psoriasis are T‐cell–mediated skin diseases, the association between ET‐1 and the T‐cell immune response has not been clarified. To evaluate the role of...
We studied the kinetics of C1‐inhibitor (C1‐INH) and other complement parameters in a self‐limited edematous attack (EA) in a patient with hereditary angioedema due to C1‐INH deficiency to better understand the pathomechanism of the evolution, course, and complete resolution of EAs. C1‐INH concentration and functional activity (C1‐INHc+f), C1(q,r,s), C3, C4, C3a, C4a, C5a, and SC5b‐9 levels were measured...
While desired for the cure of allergy, regulatory immune cell subsets and nonclassical Th2‐biased inflammatory mediators in the tumour microenvironment can contribute to immune suppression and escape of tumours from immunological detection and clearance. A key aim in the cancer field is therefore to design interventions that can break immunological tolerance and halt cancer progression, whereas on...
Background
The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is developing guidelines for allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for the management of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, IgE‐mediated food allergy and venom allergy. To inform the development of clinical recommendations, we undertook systematic reviews to critically assess evidence on the effectiveness, safety and cost‐effectiveness...
Elderly asthmatics are at a higher risk for morbidity and mortality from their asthma than younger patients. There are important age‐related physiologic and immunologic changes that complicate the presentation, diagnosis, and management of asthma in the aged population. Evidence suggests that elderly asthmatics are more likely to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. Additionally, elderly patients with...
Background
In mast cells, induction of HSP70 expression during antigen stimulation has not been reported.
Methods
Mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMC) were stimulated with IgE/Ag or HSP70. Induction of HSP70 expression and signaling protein phosphorylation were evaluated by immunoblotting.
Results
HSP70 expression is induced in BMMC at an early stage of IgE/Ag‐dependent stimulation, some...
Background
In early childhood, the allergen‐specific IgG repertoire is mainly directed to animal and vegetable food molecules and infrequently to airborne molecules. It is unknown whether this early pattern is maintained throughout childhood.
Objective
To investigate the evolution of IgG and IgE responses to a broad panel of allergenic molecules from birth to age 10 years.
Methods
We examined...
Background
The goal of allergen‐specific immunotherapy is the induction of protective immune responses in the absence of anaphylactic reactions. We have previously shown that Fel d 1, the major cat allergen, displayed in a repetitive fashion on virus‐like particles (VLPs) may fulfill these criteria. Specifically, Fel d 1 on VLPs induced strongly increased protective IgG responses compared to free...
Background
IL‐25 has been proposed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). This study aimed to evaluate the association of IL‐25 with the Th2‐biased inflammatory profiles in CRSwNP.
Methods
Nasal polyp (NP) tissues and control uncinate process tissues were collected from 92 patients with CRSwNP, 20 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without...
Background
As asthma progresses, the levels of IL‐33 in serum are markedly increased and contribute to asthmatic development and exacerbation. Mast cells, one of the principal effector cells in the pathogenesis of asthma, express high levels of the IL‐33 receptor ST2 and have been shown to be activated by IL‐33. Thus, IL‐33 stimulates mast cells to produce Th2‐type cytokines such as IL‐13, thus contributing...
Background
Allergic rhinitis (AR) consists of three developmental stages that are based on the presence/absence of antigen‐specific IgE and symptoms. The pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells constitute a population of Th2 cells with additional potentially pathogenic characteristics. We examined the relationship between Tpath2 cells and the stages of allergic rhinitis by focusing on ST2, which is an IL‐33...
Background
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with normal C1‐INH (HAEnCI) may be linked to specific mutations in the coagulation factor 12 (FXII) gene (HAE‐FXII) or functional mutations in other genes that are still unknown. We sought to identify and characterize a hitherto unknown type of HAE with normal C1‐INH and without mutation in the F12 gene.
Methods
The study comprised analysis of whole‐exome...
Background
The knowledge about the natural history of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is limited. One unmet question is to demonstrate whether LAR should be considered the first step in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR) or an independent phenotype. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the natural history of a population with LAR, the potential conversion to AR with systemic atopy...
Background
Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and obstruction with eosinophil infiltration into the airway. Arachidonic acid, an omega‐6 fatty acid, is metabolized into cysteinyl leukotriene with pro‐inflammatory properties for allergic inflammation, whereas the omega‐3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its downstream metabolites are known to have anti‐inflammatory effects. In...
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